The animation shows what is happening to the particles when
water boils.
Bubbles usually form where there are scratches in the glass,
because the ‘pit’ allows energy to get to more
particles at the same time.
These very energetic particles can then move apart to start
forming a bubble. As more particles join, the bubble grows,
and pushes the rest of the liquid water particles upwards.
The bubble has to push against the air pressure to do this.
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